Los efectos colaterales de la actual crisis sanitaria no discernieron entre empresas grandes, medianas o pequeñas, todas ellas resintieron alguna implicación negativa en sus operaciones.
El sector del pequeño o mediano comercio y hasta las grandes cadenas de tiendas de autoservicio (retail) vieron afectados drásticamente el control de sus inventarios, debido a las compras de pánico que se manifestaron durante el inicio de la pandemia en México.
Tras esta primera alteración en su cadena de suministro, las empresas han tenido un trabajo mayor: tratar de conocer las diferentes manifestaciones y modificaciones en el comportamiento del consumidor, un ente que ha estado descubriendo nuevas maneras de adquirir sus artículos básicos y otros, a partir del confinamiento al que fue presionado a realizar para evitar contagios del nuevo coronavirus; así como una reapertura muy controlada de los puntos de venta físicos.
Ante estas situaciones actuales, “la gestión precisa de inventarios en los negocios de comercio, consumo o retail será el activo primordial para que los empresarios eviten incertidumbre financiera y de control en sus puntos de venta o almacenes; además de prevenir el robo de mercancía que pueden llevar a la quiebra a las compañías por no tener un correcto control de sus productos”, indicó David Sacal, director general de Profesionales en Inventarios (PI), a través de un comunicado de prensa.
Esta firma de consultoría destacó que la realización de un inventario confiable y rápido se logra a través de procesos personalizados, capital humano capacitado con las mejores prácticas de ejecución y de la mano de herramientas tecnológicas, que permiten tomar mejores decisiones en el negocio y, a través de ello, mejorar el control de inventarios, reducción de mermas, eficiencia operativa, optimización en la cadena de suministro y mejorar la rentabilidad del negocio.
Pero en esta “nueva normalidad”, también se detecta alteración en los horarios, valores promedios y variabilidad del tiempo de traslados de productos, así como algunos hechos menos visibles al cliente final como retrasos en la fabricación y logística internacional de productos e insumos (especialmente desde Oriente), entre otros cambios sustanciales para la industria.
El panorama exige focalizar los esfuerzos en diversos temas. De acuerdo con Miguel Álvarez, vicepresidente de industria para Latinoamérica de Blue Yonder,empresa tecnológica enfocada a la cadena de suministros, estos van desde el plan de venta y pronóstico de demanda, el nivel de inventario para las próximas semanas y meses, y el plan de suministro para el 2020, “que den cuenta del quiebre en la cadena de suministro y disminución de capacidad económica de mercados y clientes”.
El directivo también enfatiza que se debe revisar el surtido y el abastecimiento de la actual y próxima temporada, campañas o promos (especialmente si son importados) dado que este flujo está completamente alterado. Es importante “mover” el inventario inmovilizado en locales que están con restricciones de operación.
Así mismo, se debe habilitar y/o mejorar las opciones “home delivery” o “curb-side pickup”, es decir, tras un pedido online, que el cliente pueda ir a su tienda habitual en donde habrá un lugar reservado para que sin bajar del vehículo, un empleado de la tienda o supermercado le entregue sus productos adquiridos.
Además, las empresas deben analizar y rebalancear la cadena de suministro, incluyendo nuevas vías y medios de abastecimiento, plan de transporte, plan de operaciones de los centros de distribución, y definir nuevas restricciones a la operación (categorías/productos críticos); así cono identificar tecnologías que maximicen las oportunidades que ha abierto el canal on-line de manera eficiente, amigable con el medio ambiente, y efectivo en costo.
En México existen más de 1.8 millones de establecimientos dedicados al comercio, de las cuales el 99% son micro y pequeñas empresas, mientras que el 1% restante lo ocupan las medianas y grandes empresas, de acuerdo con los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (Inegi).
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